Six Days by Jeremy Bowen Essay - 849 Words

In this ambitious work, Jeremy Bowen details the happenings between Israel and Palestine. This Middle East war sparked much debate throughout the world especially amongst historians. Bowen uses this work as a personal recount of the six days that shaped the world as it is today. Bowen, an experienced BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) journalist and editor, presented the world with the Radio 4 series which allowed listeners to learn of the Six Day war. Through a detailed assessment of Bowens words readers of the book are able to submerse themselves back to 1967 and view how monumental moments such as West Bank settlements, the rise of Yasser Arafat, Black September and the 1973 Yom Kippur war all have roots stemming from the Six-Day†¦show more content†¦Egypt than began to mobilize its forces in and around the Suez Canal, moving its forces eastward across the Sinai desert towards the Israeli border, challenging the extraction of UN Emergency Force (UNEF) stationed along the boundary. The Egyptians ousted the UN Emergency Force (UNEF) from the Gaza Strip and Sinai, and continued pouring its military forces into these areas. Thus, Egypt closed the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, constituting a case for war for Israel. Responding the Egyptian call, the governments of Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Lebanon encouraged their militaries towards the Israeli border. Israel mobilized its reserve forces, and launched a diplomatic campaign to win international support for ending the Egyptian blockade of Israeli shipping through the Strait of Tiran. Bowen then begins to chronicle parts of the war as it develops from hour to hour. One of the benefits of reading this book besides the content is that Bowen is explore policies, planning, and combats in equal measure. He devotes special attention, for example, to the accurate accounts from the Israeli side, the idea that diplomacy was merely an option and the fact the prime minister at the time, Levi Eshkol was very reluctant to go to war. In the midst of the thorough detail, however, Bowen still manages to highlight the essential details of the war. He also shows that Palestinians were a witness to the cultivation of their own history. Bowen alsoShow MoreRelated1. Bridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality And Racism. 10. Bridggette3544 Words   |  15 PagesBridggette Hambrick: Homosexuality and Racism Homosexuality and Racism Bridggette Hambrick HR5013-110 January 27, 2017 OU Advanced Programs Abstract In this paper I am discussing the racial and prejudice issues of homosexuals. In the present day, homosexuals are being accepted in a better light than thirty years ago. Although, there are still racial slurs, non-acceptance issues, and violence that the homosexual communities are dealing with on a daily basis. In this paper I am discussing LenaRead MoreThe Arab Spring Uprisings Essay3053 Words   |  13 Pagesworld. The world is watching to see how it will affect their political and economic relationships with one another. Will the areas become democratic nations or will they become shell states where terrorism runs rampant? December 17, 2010 was a day like any other for Mohamed Bouazizi. 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Essay on Equality and Inequality in Their Eyes Were...

Equality and Inequality in Their Eyes Were Watching God In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, the author, Zora Neale Hurston, attempts to bring into light problems caused by prejudice. However, as she tries to show examples of inequality through various character relationships, examples of equality are revealed through other relationships. Janie, the novels main character, encounters both inequality and equality through the treatment she receives during her three marriages. Janies first marriage is to Logan Killicks. Logan enters the marriage with a large portion of land. However, Janie enters the marriage with practically nothing. This ends up becoming a relationship based on inequality because Logan starts to use†¦show more content†¦Therefore, both Joe and Janie are looked up to by the townspeople. To some extent, this could be considered a form of equality. Unfortunately, this is about where the equality stops. While Joe gains prominence through his own actions and words, Janie gains some prominence by doing what she is told to do. She is not permitted to voice her own opinions or join in the lighthearted gossiping which occurs outside of their store. Janie is expected to be the dutiful wife. If she makes a mistake, then she should have known better and therefore should accept her punishment quietly. Joe holds the obvious upper hand in the relationship until his death whereupon Janie inherits a large amount of money and learns to enjoy the freedom of living as her own person. Then Janie meets Tea Cake. Their courtship and marriage involve many different forms of equality which are not seen in Janies past relationships. The equalities exhibited include Tea Cake and Janies equality to one another as persons, and equality in age, love, and money. As two different people, Janie and Tea Cake are allowed to live their lives as equals. When living with Joe, Janie is never allowed to do things such as speaking her mind, playing games, or doing anything which is not completely ladylike. Tea Cake encourages her to do things which were previously not open to her, such as playing chess, speaking openly about her feelings, and hunting. He teaches Janie to shoot and hunt wild game.Show MoreRelated Zora Neale Hurston and Racial Equality Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesZora Neale Hurston and Racial Equality       On September eighteenth, nineteen thirty-seven, Their Eyes Were Watching God, one of the greatest novels of this century, was published. It was met with mixed reviews. The major (white) periodicals found it enjoyable and simple, while black literary circles said it carries no theme, no message (Wright,1937). These evaluations are not mutually exclusive, but rather demonstrate the conception of Hurstons work as telling whites what they want to hearRead MorePoverty And Its Effects On The International Landscape Of Poverty Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagestime have always existed. Greed, injustice and inequality are the three sides of the triangle of poverty and wherever we see them, poverty is always there. Humans cannot overcome a serious problem such as poverty without addressing those three main causes. Even this problem is worldwide; it varies from one area to another. It is higher in areas which were colonized for a long time before such as Africa, Asia and Latin America than other areas which were not colonized for a long time such as EuropeRead MoreHow The Other Half Lives Essay1805 Words   |  8 Pageshave always been existent. Greed, injustice and inequality are the three sides of the triangle of poverty and wherever we see them, poverty is always there. 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Background Study Free Essays

This project explains and explores the role that students in plays for, triggering, fostering and creating a more functional ,usability, Ideal and modern- kneeled Grading System which can be use mainly by the students and teachers for more organized ways of listing, adding, deleting, Inserting and on updating the grades of the students. In this part it is tackled the ways and procedures on how to plan the project, analyze the problems to be encountered, designing, and mostly coding which is very necessary to be done. Aside from that, the reject is useless without the GUI which serves as the foreground of the program. We will write a custom essay sample on Background Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, Database which serves alternately as the storage of every Information and data which you are going to add, delete or update if necessary. However, all these cannot be possible without the help of every members in the group, that Is why the potential for Interaction and MME- tings of the people involved In creating this said System Is highly recommended for this to be done In time. Therefore established a functional, reliable, and user-friendly Online Grading System, cooperation and contributions are Why use of Online Grading System? If we can still use instead of the traditional way of updating the grades? Simple, because it organizes one’s work ,hassle free and can optimize and save more time. By combining all the procedures above and the qualitative knowledge of every group members in this task, the paper aims to provide and create a better and usable Online Grading System for the benefits of all the authorized people involved in here. This findings suggests that the role of the students in this said project is very necessary for making it work in the right direction to be done. How to cite Background Study, Papers

Financial Dependence Of Commonwealth States †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Financial Dependence Of Commonwealth States. Answer: Introduction: The present case is based on the federal system of Australia and the dependency of the States relating to the financial matters on the Commonwealth[1]. An attempt has been made to understand the fact that whether there is any threat cropped up regarding the financial dependency to the State autonomy of Australia. It has been observed that the political structure of Australia is federal in nature[2]. Through this report, an attempt has been made to find out the federal structure in details and impacts of the federal imbalance regarding the legal and fiscal matter. Discussion: Federalism meaning: The base of the federal system is stand on the compound mode of government where there is a mixed system of government[3]. The powers are divided into two separate divisions, one is the central government and the second is provincial government. The word federalism derives its origin from the Latin word foedus that means treaty or covenant. In the provinces of Australia, the federal system has been observed and the system was adopted in the year 1901[4]. The main reason behind the federal government is to divide the power of the government to avoid the arbitrariness to secure the interest of the individual as a whole[5]. However, there are certain weak points observed in the federal system of Australia that has been chalked out by many critiques that are as follows: It has been stated by many critiques that the federal system boosts the inequality system in the provinces of Australia and the people of Australia are facing serious problem in the border areas[6]. It has also been stated that due to the federal system, the Australians are become more entrusted to the bureaucracy and the infrastructure development are lagging behind day by day. The local government are facing certain weakness and the officials of the government become disappointed regarding the performance of the government. The public service cost of the government is exaggerated and the arena of service becomes over lapped[7]. Theories of federalism: There are certain specific theories present to define the federal structure of a country. The theories can be categorised as follows: Ideational theories: this type of theory derives from the ideological commitment and the main objective of the theory is to centralise the idea of society regarding federalism[8]. Cultural-historical theory: According to this theory, the federal structure of the government will be imposed on the society by maintaining an assimilation of cultural and ethnical process. This helps to lead towards a fragmented population. Social contract theory: The supporters of this theory are believed the fact that through federal system, integrity and equality can be established in the society of Australia. The main objective of the theory is to impose certain power on both the commonwealth and the provincial government so that any of them can supersede the other by using their dominating character. Infrastructural power theory: This theory highlighted the infrastructural system and it intends to develop the base of the governmental structure. The infrastructures can be based on constitution or the nature of the infrastructure can be parliamentary. Fiscal federalism: Fiscal federalism is related to the monetary element of the administration in addition to it denotes the relation between the various governments of the federal system[9]. The main essential of a federal government is the separation of powers between the central government and other provincial governments. Richard Musgrave was coined the term of fiscal federalism in the year 1959 to maintain a financial discipline among the governments[10]. Under the theory of fiscal federalism, it has been presumed that the present difficulty relating to the finance facing by the government can be resolved by this system and the resources can be allocated effectively. It has been stated by Richard Musgrave that in case of useful allotment of reserve, intrusion by the central and state government is required. The government should be liable for the economic stabilisation. There are certain positive characters present in this system and that can be categorised as follows: It has been stated by the supporter of this system that the differences in between the provincial and the central government should be considered and an attempt will be adopted to settle the dispute amicably[11]. The most serious problem that Australia is facing today is related to the planning cost and administrative cost. Fiscal federalism attempts to resolve the problem. Apart from all the advantages of the fiscal federalism, there are certain disadvantages too. One of the main problems in the case is that there is laxity regarding the unavailability of eligible staff[12]. Fiscal federalism provided certain independence to the local government. The fiscal system is based on the relationship exists between various steps of the government. Therefore, it can be stated that the term denotes the relationship between the levels of government[13]. Imbalance regarding the fiscal federalism: It is important to make a balance between the fiscal and legal federal system. However, in certain circumstances, imbalance regarding the fiscal system has been observed. The main reason for the imbalance cropped up if revenue earnings and expenses are not matched. The fiscal federalism can be of two kinds: vertical imbalance and horizontal imbalance. The inequity relating to the fiscal federalism based on the levels of the government. When disparity observed regarding two diverse levels of government, it regarded as vertical imbalance and when imbalance has been observed in the same level of government, it is known as horizontal imbalance. The equalisation transfers are regulated by horizontal imbalance and the structural issues are regulated by the vertical imbalance. It is required to reassign all the revenue and expenditure responsibilities by the government in general so that the same can be corrected in a systematic way. The main reason behind the horizontal imbalance is the ne t fiscal benefits. It includes the tier of taxation and the services that are public in nature. The term fiscal federalism is based on the understanding that is engraved within the decentralised levels of government. Fiscal federalism consists of the study that denotes the competency level regarding the expenditure and the revenue sides of administration. It is to be stated that fiscal federalism will be identified the different layers of the government system. It has been observed by many researchers that the system can be observed in case of every types of governmental associates. It can be seen if the nature of the government is unitary or non-federal. A relationship between vertical and horizontal federalism is required under the system and if it is not possible, the same can be give birth to fiscal imbalance. Impacts of the imbalance: The practice concerning the fiscal system is based on the economical circumstance of the states. It intends to make a relation between the levels of the government and therefore, it is the ultimo regarding the creation of balance between two important features of the country, that are the expenditure and the revenue income. It is to be taken into consideration that the system allows a systematic approach regarding the variation of economic policies of the state. The nature of the fiscal policies cannot be measured and it is also impossible to understand the effectiveness of the system. Therefore, it is important to look over the issues that are find out by certain case studies regarding the same topic and the application of all the studies will depict the impacts of the fiscal system where there is an imbalance occurred. The common rule regarding the fiscal policy is that the fiscal councils are directed by the fiscal policy rules and there are certain rules mentioned under the Australian federal system. In the light of emerging economies, it is important to make a link in between the rules and performance of the fiscal system. The process of regression approach approves all the related consideration regarding the other determinants of the main balance, such as the output gap and the level of the public liability. The potential collision of fiscal councils is tested via binary numbers identifying observations related with a fiscal council in general or with a council that exhibits only certain description. For fiscal rules, an index building on the dataset compiled by Schechter is used. By contrast, the superior chief balances are to be connected with fiscal councils featuring firm characteristics. It is to be noted that fiscal councils generally merge several of features. Simple deterioration analys is does not recognize sufficient conditions for effectiveness. The following can be taken into consideration that the task of monitoring conformity with fiscal rules is unlikely to be sufficient to brunt fiscal performance if it is not paired independently and a presence in the public debate. Financial dependency of States: It is a fact that federal system of Australia does not work adequately in managing transformed needs in Australian community. The Australian Constitution recognized a federal state where powers were to be divided by national or Commonwealth government and six associate states and in this case, the rules of Great Britain are followed up as Australia was the former British colony. It has been observed that the parliamentarylaws are protected by the rules derived their origin from England. However, the powers are divided within the states. It is required that the Australian Government optimised different character to work on regarding the state legislation and theAustralian law Founders are required to look after as many state powers as achievable, as they supposed that this was the only form of government that can be accepted by supporters. It has been observed that more or less all the states is concerned over the probable loss of colonial uniqueness in a large, unidentified union. Th e Founders of legislations wish to conserve certain state occurrences that can be seen in a quantity of spaces, including: The organization of the governing body, seen by the law-makers as the residence where the states continuation was predictable in the national assemblymany of the Founders chosen the name states Assembly or states House, to make the place of the nationalized upper house in the federal system perfect. The fact that the national Parliaments powers are particular in the statute, with the residue belongs to the states. According to section 96 of the Constitution, it has been stated that modification is required in Australian federalism and that have derived from the stop working of the Finance provinces especially Chapter IV of the Constitution. This chapter has thrown light on the financial power and an attempt has been made to convert the system centrally. After certain times of Federation, the Commonwealth was finding the financial appointments exasperating, due to the need to make without former notice huge expenditures of its own in such areas as resistance, public works and social services. The states were powerless to defy. As early as 1902, the Commonwealth Attorney-General, Alfred Deakin, had coined his declaration that the states were legally free, but financially bound to the chariot wheels of Central Government. By the end of the first decade, when sections 87 that states about the payment of customs and excise takings to the states and 94 that states about the distribution of excess Co mmonwealth funds to the states had been allowed to fall into desertion, the pattern of Commonwealth financial dominance and relative state scarcity had been established. The provision regarding section 96 was begun to use invariably since 1910 and the Commonwealth had taken a key step. Besides this, Western Australia and Tasmania were still unable to tackle, and within two years, extra payments were being made to these states. As a result, all states were soon based upon s. 96 grants to help them meet their financial needs, a reliance that has, in fact, incremented in the years since. In the year 1928, the Commonwealth had also made the states to recognize the newly created Loan Council, that controlled all government lending, both Commonwealth and State. Both the expansions further destabilized the legitimate provisions. The provision regarding the income tax authorities has been featured by the section and the commonwealth is used the same utilise the same provision. The Australians have been preliminary to forfeit the tax for both the commonwealth and states since 1942. However, difficulties occurred when the disparity takes place regarding the commonwealth and state taxes that means that there were diverse rates of income tax around the nation. In 1999, the Howard Coalition Government has legislated certain provisions regarding the fulfilment of the common-purpose transferred funds to be the Goods and Services Tax (GST). Since then there has been a law-making obligation that Commonwealth Grants Commission monies must be disseminated according to the philosophy of horizontal fiscal equalisation. It has been observed that the states under the provinces of Australia are very much depended on the commonwealth as the coordination is being continuing to keep the concern of the states safe. Potential threat to the State autonomy: In the year 1901 the provinces of Australia recognised as federal State and it was assumed that if it is hard for the Commonwealth government to do all the governmental activities properly, it may divide the works with the state government. It is the rule regarding the federal government that powers will be divided among the states and it should be the duty of the Commonwealth government to assist the states so that the people are not compelled to attach with the baptised state. It is to be kept in mind that the commonwealth have the power to regulate the activities of only those states that are within the sphere of it. In the year 1942 the commonwealth government has, the power to merge up all the conducts and expunge the same as per section 90 of the Income tax related law. Even the High Court has construed the term expurgate roughly so that it becomes unfeasible to the states to enforce any kind of sales duty. Each provisions of the income tax Act bears the importance regarding the separate importance. For instance, it can be stated that the main objective of the Goods and Services Tax is to determine problems raised by the incapability of the states to hoist sales taxes. The main concern regarding the same is that the Commonwealth congregate this tax and have certain power to allocate it. As the Commonwealth power over income tax is not constitutional but parliamentary, there is a chance to restore the income tax authority to the states. The original biased question concerning Australian federalism is that the government has become dysfunctional and unable to put off much growth of authority by the Commonwealth government. The modern correspondent is that a political categorization founded on realm turns the normal people into noble and subjects. The Commonwealth government clutches successful authority in the provinces of Australia including an exclusive control over the finances. The states must behave positively if they are expecting to receive the funds required by them from the Commonwealth. The states of Australia started to think that they are depending on the commonwealth and forget to think themselves as self-determined entity. They started to avoid accountability with active perception and never upheld the topic regarding the monetary submission from the commonwealth. The Commonwealth uses its monetary control to impress such things as the national school curriculum, in spite of what the states desired. It is a fact that without financial independence, respect cannot be earned. For persons it means useful employment as against welfare dependency and for political entities, the meaning of the same can be regarded as the capacity to execute sovereign judgement and it is important than subservience that would render to another political unit. Therefore, it can be stated that the states are turn into more depended on the commonwealth as its powers are increasing day today and therefore, the rules made out by the High Court regarding the commonwealth structure can be harmed a lot. Commonwealth legislative power: It has been observed that Broadcasting Services Act has provided certain constitutional base under schedule 5 and 7 and concentrates on the mobile contents. It was held by the drafting committee that the it is important that the states exercise their power regarding the implementation of the legislative powers. In this case, it is necessary to inform Commonwealth under s 51(xxxvii) of theAustralian Constitution. The provision under section 51(xxxvii) of theAustralian Constitutionprovides certain Parliamentary action to constitute and amend laws along with matters that has been referred to the Parliament by the assembly of any state. The states have referred matters to the Commonwealth regarding the issues relating to corporations law and counter-terrorism. A state power is suggested to swathe up the matters relating to the manoeuvre of new Commonwealth categorization to the extent that the matter is not otherwise included in the legislative powers of the Parliament of the Australia. Where the authority to legislate is held simultaneously by both the Commonwealth and the states would rely, enquiry involving changeability of legislations may arise. An offer has been made under Section 109 of the constitution that when a law of a State is conflicting with a law of the Commonwealth, the latter shall conquest, and the former shall to the extent of the inconsistency, be invalid. Therefore, it can be stated that many states have simultaneously cataloguing powers in respect to pamphlet, films and games are also covered by the CommonwealthClassification Act. Therefore, it can be stated that the Constitution provides numerous powers to the Commonwealth and helps the commonwealth to augment the powers and provisions concerning many decisions. Conclusion Therefore, it can be stated that the federal system of government helps Australia to face certain things regarding the every layers of administration. It has been stated by the researchers of the federal system that the provincial governments of the Australia are, fir certain reasons become dependent on the commonwealth system. The report has been stated certain reasons that can be regarded as a threat to the government regarding the dependency. The legislative power of the commonwealth is also to be taken into consideration. References Hueglin, Thomas O., and Alan Fenna.Comparative federalism: A systematic inquiry. University of Toronto Press, 2015. Macpherson, Andrew J. "Do the Microbiota Influence Vaccines and Protective Immunity to Pathogens? Issues of Sovereignty, Federalism, and Points-Testing in the Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Spaces of the Host-Microbial Superorganism."Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology(2017): a029363. Karmis, Dimitrios, and Wayne Norman, eds.Theories of federalism: A reader. Springer, 2016. Brown, A. J. "Federalism in australia revisited: Political history and culture as Forces for stasis and change."Federalism and decentralization: perceptions for political and institutional reforms(2016): 235. French, R. S. "Co-operative federalism in Australia-an intellectual resource for Europe II."Amicus Curiae2006.66 (2014): 17-24. Bellamy, J. A., and A. J. Brown.Federalism and Regionalism in Australia: New Approaches, New Institutions?. ANU Press, 2013. McMillan, Mark. "Is federalism being undermined in the current surge to'recognise'indigenous Australians in (and into) the commonwealth constitution?."Indigenous Law Bulletin8.25 (2016): 15. Weingast, Barry R. "Second generation fiscal federalism: Political aspects of decentralization and economic development."World Development53 (2014): 14-25. Federalism, Fiscal, and Monetary Unions. "A Quantitative Assessment,."Journal of International Economics97 (2015): 59-75. Hassel, Anke. "No way to escape imbalances in the Eurozone? Three sources for Germanys export dependency: industrial relations, social insurance and fiscal federalism."German Politics(2017): 1-20. Evers, Michael P. "Fiscal federalism and monetary unions: A quantitative assessment."Journal of International Economics97.1 (2015): 59-75. Sorens, Jason. "Does fiscal federalism promote regional inequality? An empirical analysis of the OECD, 19802005."Regional Studies48.2 (2014): 239-253. Weingast, Barry R. "Second generation fiscal federalism: Political aspects of decentralization and economic development."World Development53 (2014): 14-25. Weingast, Barry R. "Second generation fiscal federalism: Political aspects of decentralization and economic development."World Development53 (2014): 14-25. Baskaran, Thushyanthan, Lars P. Feld, and Jan Schnellenbach. "Fiscal Federalism, Decentralization, and Economic Growth: A Meta?Analysis."Economic Inquiry54.3 (2016): 1445-1463. Bird, Richard Miller, ed.Fiscal fragmentation in decentralized countries. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014. Di Liddo, Giuseppe, Ernesto Longobardi, and Francesco Porcelli. "Measuring horizontal fiscal imbalance: the case of Italian municipalities."Local Government Studies42.3 (2016): 385-419. Eyraud, Luc, and Lusine Lusinyan. "Vertical fiscal imbalances and fiscal performance in advanced economies."Journal of Monetary Economics60.5 (2013): 571-587. Anand, Abhishek, and Lekha Chakraborty. "'Engendering'Intergovernmental Transfers: Is There a Case for Gender-sensitive Horizontal Fiscal Equalization?." (2016). 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IT Risk Management free essay sample

You have been asked to help upgrade the LAN at a very successful ABC firm with five departments in one building and a total of 560 employees. Although the firm’s employees understand accounting, they haven’t spent much time improving their network. Currently, it runs 10Base-T Ethernet and relies on 35 hubs to connect every user workstation to the network. Most of these workstations were purchased within the past two years, when the firm experienced a growth spurt. The hubs are connected to the backbone via switches. The CPA firm wants to upgrade its LAN, but not at great cost. It also wants to ensure that it can easily expand its LAN in the future. It has already decided to use a version of Windows 2008 as its network operating system. What kind of LAN will you design for this company? Describe its physical and logical topologies, what access method it will use, and what Physical layer standard this access method should rely on. We will write a custom essay sample on IT Risk Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What types of infrastructure upgrades are necessary to implement your suggested network? The ABC firm that has five departments in the building those all connected with LAN and total employees of 560, which currently runs 10Base-T Ethernet and relies on 35 hubs. These workstations were purchased in last two years, but they are experiencing slow network connectivity. Based on the current situation, they have decided to use Windows 2008 OS version. Though, this firm has a limited budget, where the firm bought some hardware and software. The IT world uses very high-grade equipments through which we can integrate and update the existing network. The below design shows the hubs which are upgraded by me to switches and these are much better than hubs. Each department has 112 employees and we got five departments, which are connected with one router. I recommend for this network that every department should have one printer which must be connected with the same network. Based on the size of the firm and for a higher growth in the near future, my recommendation to the firm is that it should have a secure, intelligent and much faster network, which leads to upgrade the current network. I have modified extended star topology that one router gets connected with the internet and also with all five department’s switches. Every department has 112 employees and we are using five switches for each department whereas one of the switches connects to main router and the rest of the switches connect with other router. This way we get 120 ports in each department in which we are providing printers that will connect to one of the switches of that department. Thus, we can bring 112 ports in use and the rest will be left safe for future expand without any exorbitant cost or moving a lot of equipments. We can add printer, fax, workstation, or other things as well in these ports. If the firm would have more employees or workstations, then the firm would add new switch connect all workstations to that switch which one connected with the same department’s switch. PHYSICAL TOPOLOGY: Physical topology means the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. It is the physical structure of the network. LOGICAL TOPOLOGY: Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general, physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network. The logical topology is the way that the signals act on the network media, or the way that the data passes through the network from one device to the next without regard to the physical interconnection of the devices. LAN ACCESS METHOD: Local area network (LAN) access methods, such as CSMA/CD in Ethernet, transfer data to and from connected computers on the network. These methods reference layers 1 and 2 of the OSI model. CSMA/CD: It is used with bus and some star topologies. It operates by contention; each terminal competes for access to the bus. A terminal wishing to transmit attempts this when the bus is quiet. Concurrently, received signals are monitored by this terminal to check for corruption resulting from collision with another transmission present at the same time. In the event of such a collision its effect at this terminal is enforced with the use of a jamming signal and all current transmissions are stopped. Repeated retransmissions are made, with designed in-delays to reduce the probability of further collisions, until successful transmission occurs. When carrying long data packets over short cables and with offered traffic of about 20% or less of maximum, the systems works extremely well. TDMA: It was originally devised for digital microwave and satellite communications systems. It is still used with many such systems as well as with some fiber optic systems. Fixed time slots are made available, regardless of whether they are actually used. The complete end-to-end bit sequences within each time slots are usually called a serial packet, each of which comprises source and destination address, data bits, control and status bits. The system is accessed through terminal stations and repeaters. Transmission is into an empty packet or packets and reception occurs via packet address recognition. A monitor station monitors the integrity of the system during normal operation and places framing bits around packets in the initializing process. WORKGROUP SWITCHES: Firm has the smallest of the switching hubs. They usually have between 8 and 12 ports per hub used to connect stations and the servers these stations need to access. If selecting this type of hub, this kind of hub not intelligent like switches and not reliable to secure either to ensure that firm for growth. Those hubs can’t be taking too much load that’s why network is too slow. So see the future growth I decide to change hub to switches. DEPARTMENTAL SWITCHES In new design, there are switches connected to other department as that and main switch connecting with other department switches and server as well. DISADVANTAGE: Newly designed Ethernet a central connection point might be desirable for security or restricted access, but this is also a major disadvantage of a star topology if the central device fails, the whole network becomes disconnected. When a star network is expanded to include an additional networking device that is connected for the main networking device, it is called an extended star topology.

Humility and Humiliation

Humility and Humiliation Humility and Humiliation Humility and Humiliation By Maeve Maddox I heard a television interview subject express compassion for previously independent Gulf Coast fishermen whod had to go through the humility of accepting financial help. The word wanted in that context was humiliation, not humility. Wanting to see if it were a common error, I did a web search. Sure enough, I found more examples: †¦each member of our family suffered humility and loss of face in public †¦having to submit to the humility of having to ask for new shoes †¦the humility of having to ask for so many payment options †¦hope they never know the humility of having to ask for help. In some religious writing the words humility and humiliation may overlap, but in modern secular usage, the words have distinct meanings. humiliation: the act of humiliating or condition of being humiliated; abasement. humility: The quality of being humble or having a lowly opinion of oneself; meekness, lowliness: the opposite of pride or haughtiness. Humiliation is a bad thing. Its a painful emotion that we feel when weve been shamed. No one should be treated in such an unfeeling, bureaucratic way as to be humiliated. Humility is a good thing. It is a virtue that has become very rare in a culture that even goes so far as to begin sentences with me and myself. A humble person gives credit where its due. A humble person acknowledges others and respects their dignity, talents, and opinions. Humility is not weakness; its a spirit of self-examination that prevents one from becoming selfish and arrogant. The word humiliation applies to a negative state of debasement inflicted by persons or conditions outside oneself. Verbs that go with the word humility are not suffer or endure, but practice or cultivate. NOTE: One often sees the word humbleness, but it seems wasteful to use a -ness form when the distinctive abstract noun humility exists. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†50 Idioms About Fruits and Vegetables25 Favorite Portmanteau Words

Impact of Technology on Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impact of Technology on Sales - Essay Example W. Pergault. The company spent $20 million upgrading its website but this change did not have a great impact on sales and profitability. Managers are not interested in website and online sales because they "don't earn any commission". On the other hand, customer did not like the new website because of "distracting graphics", "the bells and whistles" (Spiro et al 2004). Resistance comes from the customer since they are not the beneficiary of organizational changes. Some of the reasons for resistance to change are; excessive focus on cost, failure to recognize benefits, lack of organizational synchronization, and individual uncertainty denial and fear of loss. In order to improve the e-commerce plan, Celia Fiorni, the company president, should restructure current compensation system and reward those managers who use the website and sell products through the Internet. Also, Celia Fiorni should encourage and motivate sales representatives to use the Internet and sell products through the Internet. Training programs will help to improve skills and knowledge of employees and reduce resistance to change. Salespeople will accept the new initiative ensured in fair compensation and computer skills. Technology can create new design options for various processes because it can be used to challenge longstanding as assumptions about work arrangements that used to inhibit organizations. Good understanding of end-user needs by system developers is another important factor, as are mechanisms for communication with the business users of the system. Senior management sponsorship and commitment is another success factor, but dependent also on the existence of a champion. Technically, the requirements of the system change to include reliability and its delivery to users in a suitable form. This process of continual selection and rejection of potential projects contrasts strongly with the tendency in many companies towards early formal approval of information technology projects whose costs and benefits are assumed to be certain. The results from the research broadly confirm that the factors identified for technical innovation also apply to information systems projects. For G. W. Pergault, CRM plays a crucial role helping to improve customer service and meet customers' needs and expectations. "G. W. Pergault offers more than 500,000 different products, which can be overwhelming to sort through. Sutton believes that some of his reps may have trouble finding specific products on the website" (Spiro et al 2004). An established information technology infrastructure obviously helps provide a base for delivery as well as making it clearer when new hardware and system software will be needed. Personnel should be connected directly to the concept of CRM, an approach that stresses the importance of developing long-term partnerships with customers. In developing personal and relationship strategies on an international level, the representative is wise to take a step back and understand how CRM strategies will likely fit in the environment. CRM requires an organization to first develop a transformation system that